Creating a self-induced dark spontaneous-force optical trap for neutral atoms.pdf

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Creating a self-induced dark spontaneous-force optical trap for neutral atoms.pdf

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Creating a self-induced dark spontaneous-force optical trap for neutral atoms

a r X i v : p h y s i c s / 0 4 0 2 1 0 6 v 1 [ p h y s i c s .a t o m - p h ] 2 0 F e b 2 0 0 4 Creating a self-induced dark spontaneous-force optical trap for neutral atoms S. R. Muniz, K. M. F. Magalha?es, E. A. L. Henn, L. G. Marcassa and V. S. Bagnato. Instituto de F??sica de Sa?o Carlos, Universidade de Sa?o Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, Sa?o Carlos, SP - CEP 13560-970 - Brazil Abstract This communication describes the observation of a new type of dark spontaneous- force optical trap (dark SPOT) obtained without the use of a mask blocking the central part of the repumper laser beam. We observe that loading a magneto-optical trap (MOT) from a continuous and intense flux of slowed atoms and by appropri- ately tuning the frequency of the repumper laser is possible to achieve basically the same effect of the dark SPOT, using a simpler apparatus. This work characterizes the new system through measurements of absorption and fluorescence imaging of the atomic cloud and presents a very simple model to explain the main features of our observations. We believe that this new approach may simplify the current experiments to produce quantum degenerated gases Key words: high-density MOT, optical pumping, dark SPOT. Introduction Laser cooling and trapping techniques have been very useful in the studies of atomic physics. Particularly the magneto-optical trap (MOT) has shown to be a versatile method to produce cold and relatively dense atomic samples. Its development is certainly one of the main responsible for the wide spreading of the cold and ultracold matter studies and applications [1]. In many of these studies is important to have a very dense sample of ultracold atoms populating the lower hyperfine ground state. However, in practice, there is a limit to the highest density attainable in a MOT, which is typically on the order of 1010 atoms/cm3. Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 9 February 2008 As it is well known, the limit to the density in a MOT is consequence