Chapter 15 The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes.pdf

Saladin: Anatomy Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Third Edition 15. The Autonomic Nervous and Visceral Reflexes Text ? The McGraw?Hill Companies, 2003 General Properties of the Autonomic Nervous System 564 ? Visceral Reflexes 564 ? Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System 565 ? Neural Pathways 565 Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System 567 ? The Sympathetic Division 567 ? The Adrenal Glands 571 ? The Parasympathetic Division 571 ? The Enteric Nervous System 573 Autonomic Effects on Target Organs 574 ? Neurotransmitters 574 ? Receptors 574 ? Dual Innervation 575 ? Control Without Dual Innervation 577 Central Control of Autonomic Function 578 ? The Cerebral Cortex 578 ? The Hypothalamus 578 ? The Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata 579 ? The Spinal Cord 579 Connective Issues 581 Chapter Review 582 INSIGHTS 15.1 Clinical Application: Biofeedback 564 15.2 Clinical Application: Drugs and the Nervous System 579 15 C H A P T E R The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes Autonomic neurons in the myenteric plexus of the digestive tract CHAPTER OUTLINE Brushing Up To understand this chapter, it is important that you understand or brush up on the following concepts: ? Innervation of smooth muscle (p. 434) ? Neurotransmitters and synaptic transmission (pp. 464–467) ? Spinal nerves (p. 490) ? The hypothalamus and limbic system (pp. 530, 534) ? Cranial nerves (p. 547) 563 Saladin: Anatomy Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Third Edition 15. The Autonomic Nervous and Visceral Reflexes Text ? The McGraw?Hill Companies, 2003 C ha p te r 15 We have studied the somatic nervous system and somaticreflexes, and we now turn to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and visceral reflexes—reflexes that regulate such primitive functions as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, diges- tion, energy metabolism, respiratory airflow, pupillary diameter, defecation, and urination. In short, the ANS quietly manages a myr- iad of unconscious proce