Chapter 13 The Recognition and Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells by Phagocytes.pdf

CHAPTER 13 THE RECOGNITION AND ENGULFMENT OF APOPTOTIC CELLS BY PHAGOCYTES RAYMOND B. BIRGE ABBREVIATIONS C. elegans Caenorhabditis elegans Crk CT10-regulator of kinase DOCK180 Downstream of Crk-binding protein SH2 domain Src homology 2 domain SH3 domain Src homology 3 domain PTB domain Protein tyrosine-binding domain LRP Low density lipid-related protein ABCA1 ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 SP-A, SP-D Surfactant protein A, D SR-A (B, C, D, E, F) Scavenger receptor class A (B–F) MBL Mannose-binding lectin C1q, iC3b Complement factors CRP C-reactive protein LOX-1 Lectin like oxidized LDL receptor-1 SAP Serum amyloid protein PTX Pentraxin When Cells Die II, Edited by Richard A. Lockshin and Zahra Zakeri. ISBN 0-471-21947-9 ? 2004 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 311 Ig Immunoglobulin CR3, CR4 Complement receptors 3, 4 PAMP Pathogen-associated molecular pattern ACAMP Apopototic cell-associated molecular pattern TGF-b Transforming growth factor-beta IL-10 Interleukin-10 PGE2 Prostoglandin E2 PS Phosphatidylserine PS-R Phosphatidylserine receptor avb5/avb3 integrin Alpha v beta 3,5 integrin MAC Membrane attack complex ICAM Intercellular adhesion molecule-3 Gas-6 Growth arrest gene factor-6 MFG-E8 Milk fat globule EGF factor-8 TSP Thrombospondin Mf Macrophage DC Dendritic cell RPE Retinal pigmented epithelial cells ROS Rod outer segments VN Vitronectin MerKD Mer receptor tyrosine kinase-dead APC Antigen-presenting cells CTL Cytotoxic T lymphocyte MHC Major histocompatibility complex FAK Focal adhesion kinase PKC Protein kinase C During evolution, the progression from unicellular autonomous organisms to socialized multicellular organisms led to a fundamental set of new bio- logical rules with respect to how cells recognize and respond to damaged or unnecessary neighbors. Not only did such early multicellular organisms have to learn to socialize and “love thy neighbor,” they also had to learn to “respect their dead.” As part of this doctrine, not only did life and death decisions