Chapter 4 Defects.pdf

1Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 4, Imperfections in solids University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1 “Crystals are like people, it is the defects in them which tend to make them interesting!” - Colin Humphreys. ? Defects in Solids 0D, Point defects vacancies interstitials impurities, weight and atomic composition 1D, Dislocations edge screw 2D, Grain boundaries tilt twist 3D, Bulk or Volume defects Atomic vibrations 4.9 - 4.10 Microscopy Grain size determination – Not Covered / Not Tested Chapter Outline Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 4, Imperfections in solids University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 2 Real crystals are never perfect, there are always defects Schematic drawing of a poly-crystal with many defects by Helmut F?ll, University of Kiel, Germany. Defects – Introduction (I) 2Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 4, Imperfections in solids University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 3 Defects – Introduction (II) Defects have a profound impact on the macroscopic properties of materials Bonding + Structure + Defects Properties Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 4, Imperfections in solids University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 4 Composition Bonding Crystal Structure Thermomechanical Processing Microstructure Defects – Introduction (III) The processing determines the defects defects introduction and manipulation 3Introduction To Materials Science, Chapter 4, Imperfections in solids University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 5 Types of Defects Defects may be classified into four categories depending on their dimension: 0D, Point defects: atoms missing or in irregular places in the lattice (vacancies, interstitials, impurities) 1D, Linear defects: groups of atoms in irregular positions (e.g. screw and edge dislocations) 2D, Planar defects: the interfaces between homogeneous regions of