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Hall-Petch relationship in friction stir welds of equal channel angular-pressed aluminium alloys.pdf

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Hall-Petch relationship in friction stir welds of equal channel angular-pressed aluminium alloys

Hall/Petch relationship in friction stir welds of equal channel angular-pressed aluminium alloys Yutaka S. Sato *, Mitsunori Urata, Hiroyuki Kokawa, Keisuke Ikeda Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 02, Sendai 980-8579, Japan Received 30 September 2002; received in revised form 3 December 2002 Abstract The effect of grain size on hardness in the stir zones of friction stir (FS) welds of equal channel angular (ECA)-pressed Al alloys 1050 and 5083 was examined. The hardness was found to be essentially related to grain size through the Hall/Petch relationship in the stir zone of Al alloy 1050. The kH slope of the Hall/Petch equation for the stir zone of Al alloy 1050 was different from the previously reported ones, which was attributed to dynamic recrystallisation during friction stir welding (FSW). On the other hand, the relationship between hardness and grain size in the stir zone of Al alloy 5083 was expressed by the Hall/Petch equation with a change in slope. The change in slope was attributed to the homogeneous distribution of many fine particles. # 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Friction stir welding; Equal channel angular pressing; Aluminium alloys; Ultrafine-grained microstructure; Hall/Petch relationship 1. Introduction Friction stir welding (FSW), developed at the Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991, is a solid-phase joining process that results in high-quality, defect-free joints with better mechanical properties than fusion welding processes [1,2]. The combination of frictional heating and intense plastic deformation during FSW always results in a fine recrystallised microstructure in Al alloys [3/31]. Pre- vious studies [21,25,26,30,31] have shown that the fine- grained microstructures often lead to excellent mechan- ical properties in the FS welds of non-heat-treatable Al alloys. These results suggest that FSW can be used as a grain refinement technique to produce ma