How_Capacitors_Work 电容详细资料.pdfVIP

How Capacitors Work Goals: ? To examine how a capacitor stores energy. ? To examine how capacitors behave when used in tandem (in series). ? To model how capacitors might actually be made based on what principles of electrostatics have been discussed thus far. Equipment: ? Science Workshop Interface ? Voltage Probes ? Phys212 LabKit Module ? (7) Stackable banana-plug connecting wires ? Software: DataStudio Introduction: A capacitor consists of two isolated conductors with a charge +Q on one conductor (typically referred to as a “plate” and an equal but opposite charge ?Q stored on the other conductor. The charge “stored” in the capacitor is simply referred to as Q. We find that the charge stored by a capacitor is proportional to the potential difference between the two conductors. In other words, CVQ = , (Eq. 1) where the proportionality constant C is known as the capacitance. The capacitance of a given set of conductors depends only upon their geometry (the shape of the conductors and the distance between them) and on the “stuff” placed between them. We refer to any insulating material placed between conductors in a capacitor as a dielectric. There are three principal capacitor geometries you should become familiar with: ? the parallel-plate capacitor, ? the cylindrical capacitor, and ? the spherical capacitor. If a capacitor has a capacitance C0 when the space between the conducting plates is occupied by nothing at all (vacuum), or to a very good approximation, air, we find that the introduction of any insulating material into that space serves to increase the capacitance of the capacitor. The multiple by which the capacitance has increased is known as the dielectric constant κ of the insulating material. We can then write 0CC κ= , (Eq. 2) where again, C0 is the capacitance with nothing between the conducting plates and C is the capacitance when a material with dielectric constant κ has been inserted between the plates.