L3 Tests of goodness of Fit.pdfVIP

NUBSQuantitative Methods 2A (P12406) 3. Goodness-of Fit Tests and Chi-square Tests of Independence Part A: Further Topics in Hypothesis Testing By Dr. Aihua Zhang Updated: 16 Oct. 2009 Quantitative Methods 2A (P12406) 2 Contents ? Use the chi-square goodness-of-fit test to determine whether data fits a specified distribution ? Perform tests for normality (optional) ? Set up a contingency analysis table and perform a chi-square test of association Quantitative Methods 2A (P12406) 3 ? The Chi-square distribution can be used to test: 1. Whether the observed frequencies differ ‘significantly’ from expected frequencies; 2. Whether the sampled distribution is Binomial, Normal, Poisson, or other; (not covered) 3. Whether two variables (or attributes) are dependent (or associated) Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test 2? Quantitative Methods 2A (P12406) 4 ? Does sample data conform to a hypothesized distribution? For example, ? Do sample results conform to specified expected probabilities? ? Are technical support calls equal across all days of the week? (i.e., do calls follow a uniform distribution?) ? Do measurements from a production process follow a normal distribution? 1. Specified Distribution Quantitative Methods 2A (P12406) 5 Example: Are technical support calls equal across all days of the week? (i.e., do calls follow a uniform distribution?) Sample data for 7 days of a week: Sum of calls for this day: Monday 290 Tuesday 250 Wednesday 238 Thursday 257 Friday 265 Saturday 230 Sunday 192 ? = 1722 1. Specified Distribution Quantitative Methods 2A (P12406) 6 ? If calls were uniformly distributed, the 1722 calls would be expected to be equally divided across the 7 days: ? Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test: test to see if the sample results are consistent with the expected results uniform ifday per calls expected 246 7 1722 ? 1. Specified Distribution Quantitative Methods 2A (P12406) 7 Observed vs. Expected Frequencies Observed Oi Expected Ei Mon