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Mixture Modeling for Background and Sources Separation in x-ray Astronomical Images.pdf

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Mixture Modeling for Background and Sources Separation in x-ray Astronomical Images

Mixture Modeling for Background and Sources Separation in x-ray Astronomical Images Fabrizia Guglielmetti ? , Rainer Fischer and Volker Dose Centre for Interdisciplinary Plasma Science, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany ? Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany 1 Abstract. A probabilistic technique for the joint estimation of background and sources in high-energy astrophysics is described. Bayesian probability theory is applied to gain insight into the coexistence of background and sources through a probabilistic two-component mixture model, which provides consistent uncertainties of background and sources. The present analysis is applied to ROSAT PSPC data (0.1-2.4 keV) in Survey Mode. A background map is modelled using a Thin-Plate spline. Source probability maps are obtained for each pixel (45 arcsec) independently and for larger correlation lengths, revealing faint and extended sources. We will demonstrate that the described probabilistic method allows for detection improvement of faint extended celestial sources compared to the Standard Analysis Software System (SASS) used for the production of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) catalogues. INTRODUCTION The main problem encountered with source detection methods in high-energy astro- physics is the detection of sources when the source signal is weak and when the source signal has to be discriminated against the background. This is due to the small number of source photon counts and to spatially extended sources, hence the Poisson distribution has to be used for statistical inferences. Traditional source detection methods subtract an estimated background from the data. Therefore, sources with low surface brightness may get lost during background subtraction. We propose a new detection method using Bayesian Probability Theory (BPT) which does not make use of background subtraction. The method is applied on ROSAT All- Sky Survey (RASS) data in the x-