rhythm and meter.pptVIP

Chapter twelve Rhythm and meter（韵律） The term rhythm refers to any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound. In speech it is the natural rise and fall of language. All language is to some degree rhythmical, for all language involve some kind of alternation between accented and unaccented syllables. Meter is the kind of rhythm we can tap our foot to. In metrical language the accents are arranged to occur at apparently equal intervals of time, and it is this interval we mark off with the tap of our foot. Metrical language is called verse. Nonmetrical language is prose. Meter can enable the more advanced reader to analyze how certain effects are achieved, to see how rhythm is adapted to thought, and to explain what makes one poem better than another. In every word of more than one syllable, one syllable is accented or stressed, that is, given more prominence in pronunciation than the rest. The only difference between prose and verse is that in prose these accents occur more or less haphazardly（随意）; in verse the poet has arranged them to occur at regular intervals. The word meter comes from a word meaning “measure”. For measuring verse we use the foot（音步）, the line, and the stanza. The basic metrical unit, the foot, consists normally of one accented syllable plus one or two unaccented syllables, though occasionally there may be no unaccented syllables, and very rarely there may be three. The basic kinds of feet are thus as follows: Duple meters: ˇin-ˉter, the sun Iamb抑扬格 Iambic} ˉen-ˇter, went to Trochee扬抑格(长短格) Trochaic} Triple meters: ˇin-ˇter-ˉvene, in a hut, Anapest抑抑扬格 Anapestic en-ter-prise, col-or of Dactyl长短格的 Dactylic Spondee (spondaic) 强强格, 扬扬格: ˉtrue-ˉblue Monosyllabic foot: ˉtruth The secondary unit of measurement, the line(诗行), is measured by naming the number of feet in it. The following names are used: Monometer单音步诗行 one foot; dimeter二韵脚, 二步格 two feet; trimester three feet; tetrameter四音步句 four feet; pe