对外汉语本科专业的个别习刍议(海外华文教学)对外汉语本科专业的个别实习刍议(海外华文教学).doc

对外汉语本科专业的个别实习刍议 作者简介：彭家法（1964-），男，安徽长丰人，安徽大学中文系副教授，北京语言大学博士，语言学及应用语言学研究方向。通讯地址：安徽省合肥市，安徽大学中文系(230039)。电话电子信箱： HYPERLINK mailto:pengjiafa@ pengjiafa@。 Abstract: Professional training is an important way of training student’s practical ability in Chinese Teaching to Foreigners (CTF) education. Individual training is a new form of professional training in which one CTF student helps one or two to three foreign students for various forms of knowledge and ability in Chinese. Practice shows that individual training have a lot of advantages which classroom professional training couldn’t have. The largest advantage is that CTF student and foreign students can get a higher degree of win-win. Individual training has several characteristics. The training guider should fully understand these characteristics, so that the possibility of a win-win can be turned into reality. The training guider and CTF student should pay special attention to the following principles in the training process: We should study thoroughly the teaching target, that is, the foreign students; fully interactive，pay attention to emotional exchanges; use teaching materials and related theory flexibility; individual training also requires planning. 对外汉语本科专业的个别实习刍议本研究是安徽省哲学社科规划项目（ahsk07-08d43）、安徽省教育厅重大教改项目（2008jyxm003）、安徽省教育厅人文社科项目（2007sk030）、安徽省教育厅教学研究项目（2007jyxm188）和安徽大学人才队伍建设项目/05）的部分成果。 提要：实习是“对外汉语”本科专业教育中培养学生实践能力的一种重要方式。“个别实习”是对外汉语本科实习的一种新形式，个别实习过程中一名实习生对一名或两至三名留学生进行各种形式的有关汉语知识和能力的传授或指导。实践证明，个别实习相对于课堂实习而言具有能够让实习生和留学生得到较大程度“双赢”的优点。这种实习形式具有多方面特点，实习指导教师要充分认识这些特点，让实习生和留学生双赢的可能变为现实。实习过程中指导教师和实习生要特别注意以下几方面的原则：充分??究教学对象，即留学生，有针对地进行教学；充分互动，重视情感交流；灵活运用教材和相关教学理论；个别实习也需要计划性。 关键词：个别实习；地位；特点；原则 一、对外汉语个别实习 为了有效解决对外汉语教学师资短缺的问题，“对外汉语”本科专业，上世纪八十年代首先在京沪等地的4所高校设立。该专业以对外汉语教师培养为主，特别强调学生实践能力的培养，专业实习就是实践能力培养的一种重要方式。传统的实习形式是实习生在留学生的语言课堂上进行实际讲课，即“课堂实习”，本文提出“个别实习”这种新形式。对外汉语实习中的个别实习，就是一名对外汉语实习生在实习过程中对一名或两至三名留学生进行各种形式的有关汉语知识和能力的传授或指导。以下我们称为“个别实习”。需要注意：实习活动中指导教师，即实习的指导者，本文称为“指导教师” 《海外华文教学》审稿人指出要重视指导教