定语从句讲解与归纳.docVIP

定语从句讲解与归纳 一.定语从句及相关术语? 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词， 根据它在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导4.定语从句的关系词分为：关系代词和关系副词. Eg. He is the boy who often goes to school late. ⑴ 关系代词有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as?等；在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语(whose)等成分。?? ⑵??关系副词有where,?when,?why等在定语从句中充当状语成分。 ⑶关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 （关系词在从句中代替先行词1. 关系词本身没有词义，代替先行词的词义2. 必须充当定语从句中的一个成分。 ） 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 ?(1)?The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One. ?(2)?Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?lost?his?way. 2.?whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 ?(1)?Mr.?Liu?is?the?person?(whom)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus. ?(2)?Mr.?Ling?is?just?the?boy?whom?I?want?to?see. ????注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 ?(3)?The?man?who/whom?you?met?just?now?is?my?friend. 3.?which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 ?(1)?Football?is?a?game?which?is?liked?by?most?boys. ?(2)?This?is?the?pen?(which)?he?bought?yesterday. 4.?that指人时，相当于who?或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 ?(5)?The?number?of?the?people?that/who?come?to?visit?the?city?each?year?rises?one?million. ?(6)?Where?is?the?man?that/whom?I?saw?this?morning? 5.?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 ?(1)?He?has?a?friend?whose?father?is?a?doctor. ?(2)?I?once?lived?in?a?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 ?(3)?The?classroom?whose?door?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired. ?(4)?The?classroom?the?door?of?which?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired. ?(5)?Do?you?like?the?book?whose?cover?is?yellow? ?(6)?Do?you?like?the?book?the?color?of?which?is?yellow? 三. 关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词形式要与先行词保持人称与数的一致。 (1) Those who want to the English party must be at the school gate . 要参加英语晚会的人到校门集合。 (2)He who doesn’t reach the Great wall is not a true man . 不到长城非好汉。 四. 定语从句的先行词是“one of...”结构时，先行词为of 后的复数名词或代词，从句的谓语动词用复数形式；定语从句的先行词是“the only ∕very one of...”结构时，先行词为one,从句的谓语动词用单数形式  = 1 \* GB2 ⑴ This is one of the rooms that are free now. ⑵Professor Johnson is the only one of the experts who knows a