Unit1SectionⅣ课件（新人教版必修4）.pptVIP

Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing;;语法专题突破;一、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。;Mr.Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS. 布莱克先生是研究艾滋病的著名科学家。 Those girls sitting there are all my cousins. 坐在那里的那些女孩都是我的表姐妹。My friends have no intention of going shopping with me. 朋友们没打算和我一起购物。 ;1．由两部分构成的表物体的名词，如trousers，pants，shorts，jeans，compasses，glasses等单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。 ;This pair of glasses fits you well. 你戴这副眼镜很合适。 Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men. 已经给这些老人寄去了好几双新鞋了。 Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双鞋。;2??如果主语由“many a, more than one＋名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词用单数。 Many a page in this book is missing. 这本书缺了许多页。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格。;3．由“quantities of或amounts of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；而由“a quantity of或an amount of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Great quantities of water are needed in this city.;这座城市需要大量的水。 Large amounts of food were wasted. 大量的食物被浪费掉了。 ;二、意义一致原则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。 1．集体名词group，class，family，army，enemy等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。但people，police和cattle作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数。 My family has moved to the downtown. 我家搬到市中心了。;My family are all fond of folk music. 我家人都喜欢民间音乐。 The population in China is very large and 80%of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。;2．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。(注：如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。) Three months has passed since you left. 你已经离开了三个月了。;Ten dollars is enough for him.10美元就够他用的了。 One hundred cents make a dollar. 100美分就是一美元。 More than fifty years have passed since they got married. 他们夫妻已共同走过了50多年。;3．不定代词anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something,no one,nobody，nothing，each等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Everything is fine.所有事情都很顺利.;Nobody knows what has happened. 没有人知道发生了什么事。 Nothing is helpful in such a difficult situation. 在如此困难的情况下，什么也无济于事。;4.代词none和neither有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词时，只看作单数；neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。 None of them has/have arrived yet. 他们中一个人都没到