被动语态高.pptVIP

; 　　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。 He opened the door.　　　 The door was opened.　 ; 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。被动语态的时态较常见的八种。　　　 ; is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。 ;　　如：The cup was broken by the boy. 　　 He was saved at last. 　　 ;(will/ shall be +done；would/should be +done) A new road will be built next year. I thought thousands of people would be helped. ; (am/ is/ are being +done；was/ were being +done) 如：The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 　　　　 The problem is being discussed now. ;(have/ has been + done) 如：Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 　The book has been read many times by me. ;　 (had been+done) 　如：They said they had been invited to the party. 　;　含有情态动词的被动语态 　　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词； 　　其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。 　　如：Tables can be made of stone.　桌子可由石头制造。 　　　　Tables could be made of stone at that time.　那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） 　　　　Can tables be made of stone? 　桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） ;　 　　1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 　　如：The bridge was built last year.　这座桥是去年建造的。 　　　　He was elected chairman.　他被选为主席。 　　2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 　　如：The room hasnt been cleaned yet.　 房间还没有打扫。 　　　　The tiger was killed by him.　老虎被他杀死了。 ;;　　1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： 　　(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语： 　　如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。 　　　 如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. 　　(2)将动词改为“be+过去分词”。 　　　 They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 　　　 他们昨天开会了。 　　(3)将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。 　　　 如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 　　　 如：He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. ;(1)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”的单词，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，但原主语被强调 时除外。 　如：They set up this hospit