Unit4GlobalwarmingPeriod3Grammar同步课件新人教版必修1.pptVIP

Period 3　Grammar;一、观察下列句子： ①A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals. ②The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. ③It was a city whose hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.;1．以上句子为复合句，其中从句用来修饰一个名词或代词，这样的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 先行词在定语从句中必不可少，定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面。 (1)The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000. 翻译：无家可归的人数多达25万。;(2)It sounded like a train which/that was going under the house. 翻译：它听起来就像在房子底下奔驰的火车。 例(1)中，主句是The number of people reached 250,000，先行词是people，定语从句是who/that lost homes。 例(2)中，主句是It sounded like a train，先行词是a train，定语从句是which/that was going under the house。;2．定语从句的引导词叫关系词。 关系词有两类： ①关系代词。主要有：which，that，who，whom，whose，as。 ②关系副词。主要有：when，where，why。 关系词有三个作用： ①连接作用：连接主句与从句； ②成分作用：在句中作一定的成分； ③替代作用：代替某一名词、代词或某一句话的内容。;二、定语从句中关系代词的用法 Ⅰ.用于定语从句的关系代词;Ⅱ.关系代词的用法 1．that，指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 (1)Who is the man that is reading a newspaper over there？(that作主语，指人) (2)The finger (that) I put into my mouth was not the one(that)I had dipped into the cup.(that作宾语，指物);2．which，指物不指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。 (1)A chemists shop is a shop which sells medicine.(which作主语) (2)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.(which作宾语);3．who，指人，在定语从句中作主语，作宾语时可省略。whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，不能作主语，可省略。whose指人或物，在定语从句中充当定语。 (1)The comrade who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.(who作主语) (2)Whos the man (whom) you just talked to？(whom作宾语) (3)Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last week.(whose作定语);Ⅲ.注意问题 1．关系代词which，that，whom在定语从句中充当宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。 The boy (whom/that) we saw yesterday was Johns brother. The car(which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.;2．先行词为everything，anything，nothing，something(也可用which)，用that引导。 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事都已经做了。 You can take any book that you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。 3．先行词为形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我所读过的最好的书。;Ⅰ.用适