生物多样性分布格局的地史成因假说生物多样性分布格局的地史成因假说.pdfVIP

生物多样性 2009, 17 (6): 635–643 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09143 Biodiversity Science http: // 生物多样性分布格局的地史成因假说 唐志尧* 王志恒 方精云 (北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系, 北京大学生态学研究与教育中心, 北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871) 摘要: 生物多样性的大尺度分布格局是现代环境与地史过程共同作用的结果。本文从影响机制、参数选择及与现 代气候假说的关系等方面回顾了地史成因假说的最新进展, 并得出以下认识: (1) 地史过程对生物多样性的分布 格局有显著影响, 但地史过程与现代环境之间强烈的共线性使得两者的影响常叠加在一起; (2) 与广域物种的多 样性相比, 地史过程更有利于解释狭域物种(或特有物种)的多样性; (3) 地史过程的参数选择是地史假说所面临的 挑战之一, 目前所用的指标与现代环境具有显著的共线性, 难以直观地体现地史过程对生物多样性的影响, 对不 同区域内物种系统发育过程的对比或者物种形成速率及灭绝速率分布格局的分析可能有助于评价地史成因假说 的影响。 关键词: 多样性, 区域过程, 现代气候, 地质历史 Historical hypothesis in explaining spatial patterns of species richness Zhiyao Tang*, Zhiheng Wang, Jingyun Fang Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Center for Ecological Research Education, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871 Abstract: Spatial patterns of biodiversity are results of contemporary climate, disturbance, and geological history. In this paper, we review the historical hypothesis which explains historical importance in shaping biodiversity patterns, focusing on the recent development in its studies on mechanisms, parameter selection, and relative importance of historical factors versus contemporary climate. Based on literature research, we conclude that, (1) the historical events significantly affect the present patterns of biodiversity, and that these effects are masked by the strong collinearity between historical processes and contemporary climate; (2) his- torical processes are more significant