化学实验室致癌物质和诱发畸变物质选编.ppt

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES(TOXIC, DANGEROUS, CARCINOGENIC, AND MUTAGENIC/TERATOGENIC)有害物质(有毒的、危险的、致癌的、导致体内突变或者畸变的物质);b) Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform have specific dangers: They can be absorbed through the skin. These substances can eventually cause functional disorders of the kidney and the liver even at low concentrations. They are suspected carcinogens. CCl4和CHCl3在很低的浓度下就容易引起肾和肝脏的失调，并且它们也是被怀疑为可致癌的物质之一。 ;c) Cyanides and Nitriles Cyanides and Nitriles are some of the most acutely toxic substances known; they react very quickly “in vivo” when they are present in the ambient environment. Symptoms of poisoning (weakness, difficulty in breathing, nausea) appear as soon as these substances have been absorbed, inhaled, or ingested. Contact with acid liberates a highly toxic gas. The inhalation of a very minute amount of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) can be fatal. 氰化物和氰是已知最毒的物质之一，氰化物在体内反应很 快，中毒的症状表现为虚弱、呼吸困难、恶心，而且当你 吸入或者咽下以后症状出现很快。与酸性物质接触以后放 出高毒性的气体(HCN)，吸入一定在数分钟内将会死亡。 ;d) Phenols Solutions of phenols are very dangerous. Phenols are absorbed rapidly through the skin during contact. If rapid and complete decontamination is not effected immediately, serious poisoning and even death could occur, depending on the concentration of the solvent and the amount of body surface that is contaminated. 苯酚很溶液通过皮肤渗入，如果没有及时的清洗， 严重中毒或者死亡都可能发生。 ;e) Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen fluoride is extremely corrosive. Due to the absence of immediate pain, penetration can be extensive and lead to serious injury. It can cause severe eye irritation and skin burns. HF酸，有很强烈的腐蚀性，不是马上就能感觉 到疼痛，所以它很容易扩散开，导致皮肤和眼 睛的受伤。 ;f) Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide is very toxic. Inhalation causes respiratory paralysis. It can also damage the eyes and mucous membranes. Small cylinders of it are commercially available for laboratory use. CAUTION: The gas can be easily synthesized by action of dilute acids on sulfides. Waste gas should be passed through scrubbers before venting. H2