现在完成时Present Perfect.ppt

Unit 2现在完成时（Present Perfect）现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Progressive）;现在完成时;1. “已完成”（“Finished” Use）;现在完成时的“已完成”用法，可以不用时间状语，也可以和下列几种时间状语连用。 ① 表示不确定的过去时间的状语，如already, yet, before, recently, lately. She’s already gone. We haven’t been there lately. ② 表示频度的时间状语。如often, sometimes, rarely, ever, never, once We have often been there. I’ve been there once or twice. ③ 表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语，如just, today, this year I’ve just seen your brother. We’ve had too much rain this year. ;2. “未完成”（“Unfinished” Use ）;※某些持续性较短的动作动词有时也可用于现在完成时的“未完成”用法，一般只限于下面两种用法： ① 用于否定结构中 He hasn’t written to me for two years. They haven’t visited us since 1970. ② 通过某些词汇手段，表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间过程中反复发生的动作。 He has often written to me since he left Shanghai. He has visited us a number of times in the past two years. ;与“未完成”连用的时间状语 ① 由since引导的时间状语 I’ve known him since our schooldays. ② 由for引导的时间状语 I’ve learnt English for many years. ③ 其他表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的时间状语， 如until (till, up to) now, up to the present, so far, in (for) the past (last) few years, all the while Up to the present/So far everything has been successful. ;现在完成进行时;2. 现在完成进行时也可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，在说话时，这个动作刚结束。 --Sorry, I’ve kept you waiting. --It’s all right. I’ve been reading newspapers. 3.现在完成进行时还可表示最近的过去刚才完成的动作，其结果对现在有影响，或者有联系。 She’s been crying. （从她现在眼睛红肿来断定）;;现在完成时vs现在完成进行时; 2. 用“How long…”结构询问目前正在进行的动作的时间长度时，习惯上多用现在完成进行时。 How long have you been learning English? 3. 对于lie, sit, wait, stay等动词，现代英语口语倾向于使用现在完成进行时。 I’ve been sitting here all afternoon. 4. 现在完成进行时一般??适用于状态动词，要表示状态动词的“未完成”用法，只能用现在完成时。 We’ve known each other since childhood. ; Can you make sure ___ the gold ring? A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put;When I was at college I ___ three foreign languages,but I ___ all except a few words of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten;----I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ----Oh,not at all.I ___ here only a few minutes. A.hav