中西文化比较1宇宙观[优质课].pptVIP

Lines and Circles:A Contrastive Study of Western and Chinese Cultures环性与线性 —— 中西文化比较(Part I); ; ;; w;What is culture? ;Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values. Culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning elements of future action. — Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn (two American anthropologists, 1961） ;文化是由通过符号所获得并传播的显性及隐性行为模式所构成，这种行为模式形成人类群体的特征，包括它们在人工制品中的体现；文化的核心部分是传统的（源于历史并经历史选择的）观念，尤其是价值观。文化系??，一方面可被视为人们行为的产品，另一方面又可被看作是规约未来行为的条件。 —克洛依伯、克勒克荷恩 美国人类学家;What is Culture?;What is Culture?;What is culture?;Culture is the total pattern of human behavior and its products embodied in thought, speech, action and artifacts. ;Characteristics of Culture文化的特征;Characteristics of Culture;Essentials of Culture;Essentials of Culture文化的要素;Essentials of Culture; Layers of Culture 文化的层次 ;产品/符号Products/Symbols;Cultures: Universality and Individuality　文化的共性与个性;Contrast in respect of :; How is the world observed and viewed in both cultures? 在中西两种文化中 人们是怎样看待世界的？;Man and Nature;1. Worldview 宇宙观; Western Linear division (线分);Ancient Greek Philosophers 古希腊哲学家;Linear dividing philosophy;Plato柏拉图;Plato柏拉图;Modern Philosophers 西方近现代哲学家;Philosopher: Descartes （French) ;Kant （康德, German ） Phenomenal world vs. noumenal world（现象世界与本体世界）;Christianity and Bible Christianity: God and Man God creates Man and Man sins against God. 基督教：上帝创造人，人违抗上帝而犯罪。;West: linear division;Chinese circular enclosure（环合）;Tao consists in Yin and Yang. The Book of Changes (600 BC) ; ; 天地与我并生，而万物与我为一。 Heaven and earth co-exist with me, and I am identified with everything i