Book2Module4FineArts-Grammar导学案.doc

Book 2 Module 4 Fine Arts 学案 Grammar 本单元的语法项目为不定式和动词的ing形式。不定式和动词的-ing形式都属于非谓语动词，都可以在句中作主语，表语，宾语，定语，宾补和状语。本单元将主要讨论一下它们在使用中的异同。 1.作主语时 (1)表示一般情况时，两者皆可。 e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = Learning English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 (2). 表示具体的，特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时，通常用动词不定式。 e.g. To finish reading such a long novel will take me several days. 读完这么长的小说要花去我好几天时间。 (3) 当it 作形式主语，动词不定式和动名词通常可以互换。但当表语是necessary, important等形容词时，后只接不定式，而当表语是no use, no good, a waste of time等词时，则用动词的-ing形式。 e.g. Its bad manners to spit in public. = It’s bad manners spitting in public. 在公共场合吐痰是不礼貌的。 It’s quite impossible for us to finish the work in time with so little money. 我们用这么少的钱及时完成工作是不可能的。 It’s no use asking him for help. 向他寻求帮助是没有用的。 (4) There is no 结构后只接动词的-ing形式。 e.g. There is no knowing whether he is alive or dead. 不知他是死是活。 2. 作表语时 (1) 表示一般情况时，两者可以通用。 e.g.His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses. 他的工作是粉刷房子。 (2). 表示具体的，特定情况下的或是未来的动作，通常用动词不定式。 e.g.Our homework today is to finish the exercises 1 and 2 on page 25. 我们今天的家庭作业就是完成25而的练习1和2。 (3) 主语与表语形式通常保持一致。 e.g.To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. Doing this is cutting the foot to fit the shoe. 这样做无异于削足适履。 3. 作宾语时 英语中有的及物动词只能跟动名词作宾语；有的及物动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语；但也有及物动词的宾语既是动名词又是动词不定式。 (1) 有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的此类动词(短语)有： ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand e.g. I want to ask him a question. 我想问他一个问题。 She decided to help her sister. 她决定帮她的妹妹。 As a student, he can’t afford to buy a car now. 作为一个学生，他现在买不起轿车。 (2) 有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词（短语）有：admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up，imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practice, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand等。 e.g. The?doctor?advised?taking?more?exercise. 医生建议多锻炼。 I?suggest?doing?it?in?a?dif