研究方法之内容法概念.ppt

内容分析方法;目录;内容分析方法的定义;研究方法的演变和发展;研究方法的演变和发展;内容分析方法的研究对象;内容分析方法的方法论基础;内容分析方法的方法论基础;研究方法的分类;定量内容分析;如何进行定量内容分析;定性内容分析;定性内容分析;定性内容分析;为什么进行定性内容分析;定性内容分析的选样;如何进行定性化内容分析;编码文本的内容 (类似行为编码);研究对象：任何信息材料 ;内容分析的步骤:;;例子：美国学者拉斯维尔等人 (1949);通常我们必须决定—— 哪些单位需要分析（单词还是图片） 在什么层面上进行分析（类别还是数量？） 在那些材料上进行编码（每张报纸的第10页还是其他所有语句）;信息的基本构成;信息的构成;对文本进行计量: 计数（counting） vs. 分级（rating）;count angry words in text or rate anger in sentences or paragraphs;e.g. Anger;examples of elements to count: ;Items;Words. ;Sentences;Paragraphs;Semantics;Characters (persons);Concepts;Themes;Combinations of Elements;used combination of word, sentence, and paragraph elements ;example--Interview #60: ;Three major approaches to categorizing in a coding system:;1. Common classes. ;2. Special Classes. ;3. Theoretical Classes. ;in vivo codes vs.sociological constructs ;In General,;how to identify categories in the data and apply them--at the same time without being “too circular” in your reasoning;“Inexperienced researchers, although they may intellectually understand the process described so far, usually become lost at about this point in the actual process of coding. Some of the major obstacles which cause anguish include the so-called true or intended meaning of the sentence, and a desire to know the real motivation behind a clearly identifiable lie uttered by a subject. If the researchers can get beyond such concerns, the coding can continue. For the most part, such concerns are actually irrelevant to the coding process, particularly with regard to open coding, the central purpose of which is to open inquiry widely. Although interpretations, questions, and even possible answers may seem to emerge as researchers code, it is important to hold these as tentative at best. Contradictions to such early conclusions may emerge during the coding of the very next document. The more thorough analysis of the various concepts and categories will best be accomplished after all of the material has been coded” (B