Module3　MusicIV课件（外研版必修2）.pptVIP

Period Four　Grammar：Adverbial clause of time The past perfect tense; ;(2)while不能与表示瞬间性的动词连用。 I was quite happy as/when I found my lost watch. 当找到丢失的手表时，我真的很高兴。 (3)as和while都可以与持续性动词连用，表示两个动作同时发生，但后者强调的是持续的全过程，前者强调的是动作的同时性。因此把as译成“ 正当” 或“ 与……同时” ；而把while译成“ 在……过程中” 或“ 在……期间” 。 It often changes in speed and direction while it is moving. 它在运动中经常改变速度和方向。 It changes in speed and direction as it moves. 它在运动时，改变了速度和方向。;(4)when和as都可以表示两个动作的先后顺序，而while却不能。 When/As the clock struck six，Tom got up. 当六点的钟声敲响的时候，汤姆起床了。 (5)when可以作并列连词表示“ 这时(突然)。” He was working on a design when his friend arrived. 他正在搞设计，这时他的朋友到了。;2. as soon as，immediately，directly，once，no sooner...than，hardly...when引导的时间状语从句，表示“ 一……就……” 。 I came directly I got your message. 我一得到你的消息，就来了。 Once you lose confidence，you wont be able to do the work well.一旦你失去信心，就不可能把工作做好。 Jack had no sooner seen me than he left the classroom. ＝Jack had hardly seen me when he left the classroom. ＝No sooner had Jack seen me than he left the classroom. ＝Hardly had Jack seen me when he left the classroom. 杰克一看见我就离开了教室。;3．till，until引导的时间状语从句 We will stay here till/until it stops raining. 我们将一直呆在这里直到雨停。 主句有否定意义时，till/until含有before的意思，通常译为“ 直到……才……” 。 John did not announce the news till he was sure of it. 约翰直到对这个消息确信无误时才宣布。 not until放在句首时，主句的主语和谓语要倒置，表示加强语气。 Not until Mary had heard that sound did she really get frightened.直到玛丽听到那个声音时，她才真正感到害怕。;4．since引导的时间状语从句 It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不住在北京有四年了。 I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一???在北京。 It is five months since our boss left Beijing. 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。;注意：since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在“ It is＋时间＋since从句” 的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。;二、过去完成时 1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或动作以前己经完成了的动作，即“ 过去的过去” 。这个过去的时刻可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动词来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。 The concert had already begun when I got there. 我到达的时候，音乐会已经开始了。;2．表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 She said she had studied in that college. 她