砒砂岩分布及其治理13页.doc

砒砂岩分布及其治理 吴永红 金剑 慕志龙 云殿智 (黄委会西峰水土保持科学试验站，甘肃 庆阳 745000) 摘要:在地理信息系统支持下，以TM影像为主要信息源，采用计算机辅助下的人工解译，对以晋陕蒙接壤地区为中心的砒砂岩分布范围进行全面界定，并将其划分为裸露区、覆土区、覆沙区三个类型区，确定了每一类型区的分布范围及面积大小。通过对砒砂岩区治理水土流失的生物措施及工程措施进行调研，本文提出了砒砂岩区综合治理的总体思路。提出在大面积封禁治理，充分发挥生态系统的自我修复功能的前提下，将沙棘作为砒砂岩区生物措施治理的突破口，采用混交造林方式，在立地条件较好的地方栽种油松、柠条；在工程措施方面结合沙棘植物“柔性坝”技术，以大、中型拦泥库为骨架，以淤地坝为主体，建设支流坝系。实现淤粗排细，改善进入下游河道的水沙条件及泥沙组成。 关键词:砒砂岩 分布范围 治理 遥感 The Soft Rock Borderline Defining and Its treatments Wu Yonghong Jin Jian Mu Zhilong Yun Dianzhi (Xifeng Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station under Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee, 745000, Qingyang, Gansu) Abstract: Take the tm remote sensing data as the main information source, with the supportting of geographic information system, by the meathod of computer assistanted artificial translation, we defined the bordline of the soft rock which mainly takes Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia contiguous area as its distribution center, and divided it into such three types areas as the exposed area, the loess covered area and the sand covered area. The distributive scope and the area size of each type have been determined. By inveresting biological and engineering measures for soil erosion in soft rock area, this paper gives some advices and general ideas on vegetation construction and comprehensive treatment in these areas, under the premise of large area closing treatment and the ecological recovering of ecosystem, takes seabuckthorn as the breakthrough for biological treatment, Chinese pine, ningtiao can be planted on places with good site condition. Mixed forestation is the most suitable forestation structure. For engineering measures, we should consider seabuckthorn vegetation flexible dam technology, take large and medium-sized dams as its framework, silt dams as it principal part, contruct branch dam system, in order to deposit coarse silt and exclude fine silt, and reform the runoff and sediment condition and sediment composition in lower reaches of the yello