高中英语(译林牛津版必修5)Unit1同步学案1.docVIP

高中英语(译林牛津版必修5)Unit1同步学案（1） 不定式的常见结构: 1、用作独立成分. 有一些不定式短语可以用作状语修饰整个句子，也可被称为插入语. e.g.: To be honest, we are not sure to work out the problem. To be frank, I don’t agree with you. to tell you truth说老实话 to begin with首先 to say nothing of姑且不说 to be sure诚然，固然 to make a long story short长话短说 to be brief简言之 to conclude总而言之 2、疑问词+不定式结构 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how, why 后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中作主语、宾语和表语. e.g.: How to solve the problem is very important. He didn’t know what to say. My question is when to start. 3、不定式的复合结构，即It is+形容词+for/of sb.+不定式 在“It is+形容词+of sb.+不定式”的结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如：kind, silly, good, clever, wrong, right, foolish, careless, impolite, honest, bad等. e.g.: It is kind of you to think so much of me. It is foolish of you to say that. 在“It is+形容词+for sb.+不定式”的结构中，形容词往往表示事物的性质,如:important, possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等. e.g.: It is necessary for you to complete the program on time. It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits. 不定式的特殊用法: 1、在had better, had best, would rather, would rather…than, would sooner, cannot but, cannot help but, why not等结构后直接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”. e.g.: You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion. He cannot but move to another street. We cannot help but admire his courage. He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus. 2、两个不定式由and, or, except, but, whether等并列使用时, 为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略. e.g.: The little girl hardly knew whether to laugh or cry. Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting ? 3、不定式符号的单独使用。为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号to来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构. (1)在助动词或情态动词之后，如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be about to等。 e.g.: She has to go, but you don’t have to (go). He doesn’t like fish but he used to (like). (2)在want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try等动词之后. e.g.: You may go with them if you hope to (go). -Did you go to see the Great Wall? -I wanted to (go)