茸么么松茸群生物资源及其合理利用与有效保护.pdfVIP

自然资源学报990309 自然资源学报 JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1999年　第14卷　第3期　Vol. 14 No.3 1999 　　松茸群生物资源及其合理利用与有效保护 刘培贵　袁明生　王向华　孙佩琼　杨　雪 提　要　论述了国产松茸群的分类地位、种类组成、地理分布、生态环境及其在松、 栎森林生态系统中的作用，资源现状及其日趋减少的原因分析。重点讨论了松、栎类 植物群落自然演替及人类活动对松茸群的影响，其中人类活动是影响松茸群生长繁衍 生存诸因素中最主要的因素，概括有二：1森林大面积的无度连续砍伐，导致生态系统 环境的恶化，地下菌丝明显减少；2掠夺性的采集方法使有序的地下菌丝及其正常分化 与发育受到严重干扰。建议建立特种自然保护区，将松茸类增写到《中国植物红皮 书》中；采取实施人工接种于林地以增加森林生态系统中地下菌丝蕴藏量和补充菌丝 不足、促进发育与分化以增加自然生物量，林木砍伐采用间伐与菌根育苗造林相接合 以及科学的采集方法等是合理永续利用和有效保护的根本途径。 关键词　松茸群　有效保护与合理利用 分　类　中图法　Q949.329 NOTES ON THE RESOURCES OF MATSUTAKE GROUP AND THEIR REASONABLE UTILIZATION AS WELL AS EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION IN CHINA LIU Pei-gui 1 YUAN Ming-sheng2 WANG Xiang-hua1 SUN Pei-qiong2 YANG Xue1 (1.Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204; 2.Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610045) Abstract　Up to now 5 species and 1 variety of matsutake-group which occupy more than 1/3 of the total number of the 15 species available on the globe have been reported in China.They are Tricholoma matsutake,T.matsutake var.formosa,T.bakama-tsutake,T.fulvocastaneum,T. robustum and T.quericola.These species,except T.robustum, are all the East Asian endemic elements.The triangular area consisting of southeast Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau,west of Sichuan and northwest of Yunnan abounds with rich species and has high occurrence frequency, hence can be considered as an abundance as well as distribution center.T.matsutake and its varie- ty can be always found in the pine (Pinus yunnanensis,P.densiflora,P.densata etc.)forest.The great majority of the other three species usually occurs in the oak (Quercus aquifolioides,Q.pannosa,Q. variabilis，Q.serrata,Q.rehderiana etc.)forest besides T.robustum which can be usually found in the above-mentioned two kinds of for