初中语法介词讲解.doc

PAGE  PAGE 9 介词和介词短语 介词是虚词，根据意义可分为地点介词、时间介词、方位介词、手段介词和其他介词等。 1表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。 2表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等 3表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等 4表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。 常用介词辨析 表示时间的in, on, at, after in 的用法。 用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening 用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring 用于一段时间后。In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours on 的用法 用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s Day 用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day at 的用法 用于具体的钟点。At 12 o’clock, at half nine 用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve o’clock 2. 表示的地点的 in, on , at in指大地方，at是小地点， in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。 in可指内部， on可指“在…之上” There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。 There are five pictures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。 3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below. 1）on , over, above指上方；under, below指下方；on指物体接触。 2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。 Above on over below under There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。 表方位的in, on, to. Shanghai is in the east of China. Russia is on the east of China. Japan is to the east of China. 5. between, among Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。 6. across , over, through Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。 Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？ The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the desserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the see. 7. with, in ,by With后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟??种方式。 I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。 He wrote the words in red ink. We often go to school by bike./ I learn English by listening to tapes. 8. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。 At school 在上学 In front of 在…前边（外部) In class 在课上 At the school 在学校 In the front of 在…前部（内部） In the class 在这个班 In bed