初高中衔接课导学稿之句子成份.doc

Altitude is determined by attitude；success is determined by details. 初高中衔接课导学稿 第二节 句子成份 课型：复习课 基本概念 英语句子的基本成分有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。 （1）主语 表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语) （2）谓语 说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，一般位于主语之后。 We study English. (动词) The plane took off at 10 o’clock yesterday.（动词短语） （3）表语 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。一般由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等来充当。 常见的系动词有: be, 感官系动词：sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，feel(感觉)；变化系动词go, become;保持系动词keep， stay， remain(保持) 。 He is a teacher. (名词) It’s me!（代词） Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) I’m home . (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) （4）宾语 表示动作的对象或承受者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于及物动词和介词后面。 1). 动作的承受者-----动宾? He cleaned the house. 2). ?介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are?you?afraid?of?the?snake??? 3). 双宾语-----间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物） ?He?gave?me?a?book?yesterday.????? 二、练习题 (一) 找出下列句中的主语并说出是由什么来充当的。 1.We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us . 2. What has happened proves that our policy is right . 3. To say it is easier than to do it . 4. There are some boys and girls on the playground . 5. Who knows the answer? 6.Smoking does harm to the health. (二) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. (三)指出下列句子中的宾语 1.My brother hasnt done his homework. 2.Many people speak English. 3.You will find it useful after you leave school. 4. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. 5. They didnt know who Father C