GrammarInfinitive动词不定式.docx

Grammar Infinitive 动词不定式 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：　1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge. 2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.How to make requests politely is important. 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： 1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96) 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如： 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car? 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do... 如： I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98) 四、用作定语 1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如： 1)I have so many chores to do today. 2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch. 2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如： 1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19) 2)Is that a good place to hang out?(p.88) 3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127) 3.在“there be...”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如： 1)There’s just so much to see and do here.(p.49) 2)... but there are still many things to do there.(p.54) 五、用作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, all