定语从句专题讲解.doc

定语从句专题讲解? 一、?基本概念：?? 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。? Do?you?know?the?man?who?spoke?at?the?meeting?just?now???That?is?the?house?where?he?lived?ten?years?ago.?? ??定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。????引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,?who,?whom,?whose,?which，as???关系副词有：when,?where,?why.??? 二、关系词的用法：?? （一）关系代词的用法：?? 1．?作主语用who,?which和that,?如：??He?is?the?man?who/that?lives?next?door.?? The?train?which/that?has?just?left?is?for?Shenzhen.??2．?作宾语用whom,?who,?which,?that,?如：?? The?man?(whom/who/that)?we?have?just?seen?is?a?famous?writer.??Where?is?the?book?(which/that)?I?bought?last?week??? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who?whom,?that?通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom,?不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that?在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。??3．?作定语用whose,?如：?? (a)?He?is?the?man?whose?car?was?stolen?last?week.?? (b)?It?was?a?meeting?whose?importance?I?did?not?realize?at?that?time.??注：“whose?+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose?的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of?which?结构互换，词序是：“名词+of?which”，如：?? They?came?to?a?house?whose?back?wall?had?broken?down..?(=?the?back?wall?of?which)??He’s?written?a?book?the?name?of?which?I’ve?completely?forgotten.?(=?whose?name)?? 4．?作表语只用that?，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：??He?is?no?longer?the?man?that?he?used?to?be.?? This?is?no?longer?the?dirty?place?(that)?it?used?to?be.?? （二）关系副词的用法：??1．when?指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,?day,?morning,?night,?week,?year?等。如：?? I?still?remember?the?time?when?I?first?became?a?college?student.??Do?you?know?the?date?when?Lincoln?was?born??? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：??Each?time?he?came,?he?did?his?best?to?help?us.?? 初中各年级课件教案习题汇总语文数学英语物理化学 But?help?never?stopped?coming?from?the?day?she?fell?ill.??2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place,?spot,?street,?house,?room,?city,?town,?country等。?? This?is?the?hotel?where?they?are?staying.??I?forget?the?house?where?the?Smiths?lived.??注：where有时也可以省略。如：?? This?is?the?place?(where)?we?met?yesterday.?? 3．?why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：??That?is?the?reason?why?he?is?leaving?so?soon.??注：why时常也可以省略。如：?? That?is?the