第讲三动词及定语从句.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 14 第三讲 动词及定语从句 什么是动词？动词有哪些种类？ 根据句法功能分类 谓语动词 (实义动词)主动词连系动词be ,become,turn get 实义动词laugh ,wash,climb助动词基本主动词be ,do,have,will情态动词can ,may,must非谓语动词不定时to laugh, to write, to walk V-ingLaughing ,writing ,walkingV-edWalked ,laughed, asked根据词汇意义分类状态动词状态词Be, love,think, remain,stay仪态词Stand, lie,sit动作动词持续性动词Live,work,study,walk中止性动词Die,finish ,leave ,come ,go, run 1.词的种类 实义动词 实义动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独作为与的动词，主要是表示主语的动作，状态和品质。实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词与助动词相结合表示更加复杂的动词意义。 ▲及物动词Vt ：可以直接加宾语 可以加双宾语：动词+间宾+直宾 动词+直宾+to/for+间宾 ▲不及物动词Vi ： 可以直接构成句子的谓语动词部分，其后不能直接加宾语 如加宾语则需要用介词连接，介词的选择有时取决于宾语，有时取决于动词 eg This book belongs to me. This book sells well. I buy the book for you. I buy you the book. ▲持续性动词与中止性动词 持续性动词又称延续性动词，表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态。 常见的有：burn,drink,eat,have,fly,have,keep,know,lie,live,play,rain,read,run,sing,sleep,smoke,snow,sing, sleep, stand,study, talk,wait, walk,wear, work 中止性动词又称非持续性动词，表示行为或过程是短暂瞬间完成的。 常见的有： Admit,arrive,begin,borrow,buy,break,close, come,die,fall,go,hit,join,jump,leave,lose,move,marry,open,put,return,reach,start, stop 持续性动词与中止性动词之间的转换 leave → be away离开; borrow → keep借; buy → have买; begin/start → be on开始/上演;open/close sth → keep sth open/closed； die → be dead;finish ／end ／stop→ be over结束/完成; join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；fall ill → be ill；get up → be up；catch ／get a cold → have a cold感冒； come here → be here；go there → be there；become → be成为； come back → be back；fall asleep → be asleep睡着； get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)；leave → be away from； get to know → know；go (get) out → be out；put on → wear； catch a cold →have a cold;go abroad → be abroad去国外; go to school → be in school／be a student上学; marry → be married（to）结婚; wake up → be awake 醒; make friends with → be friends with成为/交朋友; lose → be lost ／be missing ／be gone 丢失; lose ones job ／work → be out of