虚拟语气if假设句.docVIP

分别对过去、现在和未来的假设 1、过去发生事情进行假设 这时从句动词用had done，主句用would/should/could/might+have done If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam. If you had asked me, I would have told you. I would have been in bad trouble if Jane hadn’t helped me. If it hadn’t been for your help, we could have been in lots of trouble.(要不是你的帮助，我们要陷入很大的麻烦) 2、对现在情形进行假设 这时从句用did和were（be 动词都改成were），主句为would should/could/might+do If I knew her name, I would tell you. I would perfectly happy, if I had a car. If I were rich，I would spend all my time traveling. If my nose were a little shorter I’d be quite pretty. If it weren’t for the children, we could go skiing.要不是孩子们的原因，我们就会去滑雪 3、对将来情形假设 这时从句有以下三种动词形式 1.were/did 2.were to 3.should 主句为would/should/could/might+do看看下面的例子 What would I do if I were to lose/should lose/lost my job？ If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down. if it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, I would not go out. If they should play/were to play / played better next time , they would not fail again 现在我们对这三种情况用图表进行总结 假设情形假设句（if从句）结果句（主句）过去had donewould/should/might/could+have done现在did/werewould/should/might/could+do将来did/were were to do should dowould/should/might/could+do 上述主句中would最为常用，might=would perhaps/would possibly表可能 如 If you asked me nicely, I might buy you a drink. could=would be able to表能力 如If I had another $500, I could buy a car. 二、If it weren’t for…和It hadn’t been for… If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如： 　　If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 　　If it hadn’t been for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 　　=But for your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 　　=Without your assistance, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 三、含蓄条件句 有些句子中虽然没有出现if，但因为but for （要不是），otherwise（否则）等词也暗含着假设，所以要用if假设句的主句动词形式。如： He would have given you more help,but he was too busy 　　 他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙