2012年中级职称外语考试试卷2.docVIP

第  PAGE 5 页 共  NUMPAGES 5 页 2012年中级职称英语 考试试卷 （120分钟内完成） 一、阅读理解（阅读下列短文并用英语回答问题，共30分） 短文一 (15分) Next to air, water is the element most necessary for survival. A normal adult is 60 to 70 percent water. We can go without food for almost two months, but without water only a few days. Yet most people have no idea how much water they should drink. In fact, many live in a dehydrated state. Without water, we’d be poisoned to death by our own waste products. When the kidneys remove uric acid and urea, these must be dissolved in water. If there isn’t enough water, wastes are not removed as effectively and may build up as kidney stones. Water is also vital for chemical reactions in digestion and metabolism. It carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells through the blood and helps to cool the body through perspiration. Water also lubricates our joints. We even need water to breathe: our lungs must be moist to take in oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide. It is possible to lose a point of liquid each day just exhaling. “By not drinking enough water, many people incur excess body fat, poor muscle tone and size, decreased digestive efficiency and organ function, increased toxicity in the body, joint and muscle soreness and water retention. Water retention? If you are not drinking enough, your body may retain water to compensate. Paradoxically, fluid retention can sometimes be eliminated by drinking more water, not less. “Proper water intake is a key to weight loss,” says Dr. Donald Robertson, medical director of the Southwest Bariatric nutrition center in Scettsdale, Arizona. “If people who are trying to lose weight don’t drink enough water, the body can’t metabolize the fat adequately. Retaining fluid also keeps weight up.” Questions: 1. How long can we keep living without food? 2. What would happen to us without water? 3. What functions does water have? 4. What are the results for many people by not drinking enough water? 5. How can fluid retention be eliminated? 短文二 (1