FactsandFiguresaboutCatalystsLifecycleontheearth.ppt

Facts and Figures about Catalysts Life cycle on the earth Catalysts (enzyme) participates most part of life cycle e.g. forming, growing, decaying Catalysis contributes great part in the processes of converting sun energy to various other forms of energies e.g. photosynthesis by plant CO2 + H2O=HC + O2 Catalysis plays a key role in maintaining our environment Chemical Industry ca. $2 bn annual sale of catalysts ca. $200 bn annual sale of the chemicals that are related products 90% of chemical industry has catalysis-related processes Catalysts contributes ca. 2% of total investment in a chemical process ; Catalysis Catalysis is an action by catalyst which takes part in a chemical reaction process and can alter the rate of reactions, and yet itself will return to its original form without being consumed or destroyed at the end of the reactions (This is one of many definitions) Three key aspects of catalyst action taking part in the reaction it will change itself during the process by interacting with other reactant/product molecules altering the rates of reactions in most cases the rates of reactions are increased by the action of catalysts; however, in some situations the rates of undesired reactions are selectively suppressed Returning to its original form After reaction cycles a catalyst with exactly the same nature is ‘reborn’ In practice a catalyst has its lifespan - it deactivates gradually during use;Catalysis action - Reaction kinetics and mechanism Catalyst action leads to the rate of a reaction to change. This is realised by changing the course of reaction (compared to non-catalytic reaction) Forming complex with reactants/products, controlling the rate of elementary steps in the process. This is evidenced by the facts that The reaction activation energy is altered The intermediates formed are different from those formed in non-catalytic reaction The rates of reactions are altered (both desired and undesired ones) Reactions proceed under l