经济学教学课件 36_4E.pptVIP

;Five Debates over Macroeconomic Policy;Debate #1;Pro: Policymakers Should Try to Stabilize the Economy;Pro: Policymakers Should Try to Stabilize the Economy;Con: Policymakers Should Not Try to Stabilize the Economy;Con: Policymakers Should Not Try to Stabilize the Economy;Con: Policymakers Should Not Try to Stabilize the Economy;Debate #2;Pro: Monetary Policy Should Be Made by Rule;Pro: Monetary Policy Should Be Made by Rule;Pro: Monetary Policy Should Be Made by Rule;Con: Monetary Policy Should Not Be Made by Rule ;Debate #3;Pro: The Central Bank Should Aim for Zero Inflation;Pro: The Central Bank Should Aim for Zero Inflation;Con: The Central Bank Should Not Aim for Zero Inflation;Debate #4;Pro: The Government should Balance Its Budget;Pro: The Government Should Balance Its Budget;Con: The Government Should Not Balance Its Budget;Debate #5;Pro: Tax Laws Should Be Reformed to Encourage Saving;Pro: Tax Laws Should Be Reformed to Encourage Saving;Pro: Tax Laws Should Be Reformed to Encourage Saving;Con: Tax Laws Should Not Be Reformed to Encourage Saving;Con: Tax Laws Should Not Be Reformed to Encourage Saving;Advocates of active monetary and fiscal policy view the economy as inherently unstable and believe policy can be used to offset this inherent instability. Critics of active policy emphasize that policy affects the economy with a lag and our ability to forecast future economic conditions is poor, both of which can lead to policy being destabilizing. ;Advocates of rules for monetary policy argue that discretionary policy can suffer from incompetence, abuse of power, and time inconsistency. Critics of rules for monetary policy argue that discretionary policy is more flexible in responding to economic circumstances. ;Advocates of a zero-inflation target emphasize that inflation has many costs and few if any benefits. Critics of a zero-inflation target claim that moderate inflation imposes only small costs on society, whereas the recession necessary to reduce infla