13-高虚拟语气讲解.docVIP

PAGE - 1 - 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。 一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were） 主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If we had time now, we would read it again. If I were you, I would work hard. 2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词； 主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。 If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test. If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you. 3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生： 条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形； 主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况 (1)混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’， 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you hadn’t watched TV yesterday, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now. (从句说的是过去，主句是现在) If they had left home early this morning, they wlould arrive in half an hour. (从句是过去，主句说明将来) If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. （从句说明现在，主句说明将来） (2)省略if的虚拟语气 如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。 ①If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do? ②If he had recognized me, he would have come over. Had he recognized me, he would have come over. ③If I were in your position, I would go. Were I in your position, I would go. (3)含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来， 而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。 常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。 Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry. He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party. (4)在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。 If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today. If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt. 二．虚拟语气用在名词性从句中 1.主语从句中的虚拟语气 这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形 （should可以省略）这种