自动化专业英语课件.pptVIP

自动化专业英语;课程安排;Ch.1 Fundamentals of Automatic Control;Introduction to Control Systems;The development of a control strategy consists of formulating or identifying the following: Control objective(s) Input variables – manipulated or disturbance variables. Output variables – measured or unmeasured variables. Constraints – classify these as hard or soft. Operating characteristics – continuous, batch, semicontinuous (or semibatch). Safety, environmental, and economic considerations. Control structure – the controllers can be feedback(反馈) or feedforward(前馈) in nature.;*;Page 6: The goal of control engineering is to improve, or in some cases (有时) enable, the performance of a system by the addition of sensors (传感器), control processors(控制器), and actuators(执行器). The sensors measure or sense various signals in the system and operator commands; the control processors process (处理) the sensed signals and drive the actuators, which affect (影响) the behavior of the system.;This general diagram can represent (代表，说明) a wide variety of control systems. The system to be controlled might be an aircraft (飞行器), a large electric power generation (发电站) and distribution system (传输系统), an industrial process, a head positioner (磁头定位器) for a computer disk drive, a data network, or an economic system. ;The signals might be transmitted via analog or digitally encoded electrical signals, mechanical linkages, or pneumatic (气动的) or hydraulic (液动的) lines. Similarly the control processor or processors could be mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, analog electrical, general-purpose or custom (定制的) digital computers. ;Brief History of Automatic Control;*;-1950s, traditional control design, PID controller A controller design method developed in the 1930’s work on the design of vacuum tube (真空管) feedback amplifiers. With these heuristic (探索式的) (but very often successful) techniques, the designer attempts to synthesize (综合) a compensation network or controller with which the closedloop system performs well