slide4Color in Image and Video.pptVIP

;Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 4 4.1 Color Science Light and Spectra ? Light is an electromagnetic wave. Its color is characterized by the wavelength content of the light. (a) Laser light consists of a single wavelength: e.g., a ruby laser produces a bright, scarlet-red beam. (b) Most light sources produce contributions over many wavelengths. (c) However, humans cannot detect all light, just contributions that fall in the “visible wavelengths”. (d) Short wavelengths produce a blue sensation, long wavelengths pro- duce a red one. ? Spectrophotometer: device used to measure visible light, by re?ecting light from a di?raction grating (a ruled surface) that spreads out the di?erent wavelengths.;Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 4 ? Figure 4.1 shows the phenomenon that white light contains all the colors of a rainbow. Fig. 4.1: Sir Isaac Newton’s experiments. ? Visible light is an electromagnetic wave in the range 400 nm to 700 nm (where nm stands for nanometer, 10?9 meters).;Spectral power;Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 4 Human Vision ? The eye works like a camera, with the lens focusing an image onto the retina (upside-down and left-right reversed). ? The retina consists of an array of rods and three kinds of cones. ? The rods come into play when light levels are low and produce a image in shades of gray (“all cats are gray at night!”). ? For higher light levels, the cones each produce a signal. Be- cause of their di?ering pigments, the three kinds of cones are most sensitive to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light. ? It seems likely that the brain makes use of di?erences R-G, G-B, and B-R, as well as combining all of R, G, and B into a high-light-level achromatic channel.;Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 4 Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye ? The eye is most sensitive to light in the middle of the visible spectrum. ? The sensitivity of our receptors is also a function