O1 遗传变异.pptVIP

O1 遗传的变异;Genes are pieces of DNA which contain the genetic code necessary to produce a specific protein. A gene can have many alleles and individuals can have a homozygous or heterozygous genotype. The phenotype expressed depends on whether alleles are dominant, recessive or codominant. The total set of genes and alleles present in a population is known as the gene pool. ;测定遗传变异;polymorphism;遗传漂变;Genetic drift;建立者效应;Related topics;O2 物种形成;The reproductive species concept focuses on the idea that species exist and maintain their genetic integrity and distinctness because they do not interbreed. The biological species concept and the recognition species concept both define species in terms of interbreeding. His view contrasts with the practical definition of species on the basis of distinguishing morphological characters.;生物种的概念;This concept views species as a group of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. It allows populations that are indistinguishable morphologically to be classified as separate, sibling species because they do not interchange genes. Biological species are maintained by reproductive isolating mechanisms.;异域性物种 形成;Allopatric speciation occurs when the new species evolves in geographic isolation from the parent species. It may take place most readily in peripheral isolates, small populations at the extreme edge of a species range. The combined effect of a small atypical population and extreme environmnental conditions can cause rapid and extensive genetic reorganization (a genetic revolution) leading to speciation.;相关主题;Related topics