六章节 遗传和遗传物质.pptVIP

第六章 遗传和遗传物质;Charles Darwin;/wiki/Gregor_Mendel Gregor Mendel was inspired by both his professors at the University of Olomouc (i.e. Friedrich Franz Johann Karl Nestler) and his colleagues at the monastery (e.g., Franz Diebl) to study variation in plants, and he conducted his study in the monasterys 2 hectare experimental garden. Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel cultivated and tested some 29,000 pea plants (i.e., Pisum sativum). His experiments led him to make two generalizations, the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment, which later became known as Mendels Laws of Inheritance. When Mendels paper was published in 1866 in?Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins Brünn,?it was seen as essentially about hybridization rather than inheritance and had little impact and was cited about three times over the next thirty-five years.? ;After completing his work with peas, Mendel turned to experimenting with honeybees to extend his work to animals. He produced a hybrid strain, but failed to generate a clear picture of their heredity because of the difficulties in controlling mating behaviors of queen bees. He also described novel plant species, and these are denoted with the botanical author abbreviation Mendel. After he was elevated as abbot in 1868, his scientific work largely ended, as Mendel became consumed with his increased administrative responsibilities, especially a dispute with the civil government over their attempt to impose special taxes on religious institutions. After his death, the succeeding abbot burned all papers in Mendels collection, to mark an end to the disputes over taxation.;Mendels work was rejected at first, and was not widely accepted until after he died. By 1900, research aimed at finding a successful theory of discontinuous inheritance rather than blending inheritance led to independent duplication of his work by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and the rediscovery of Mendels writings and laws. Though Erich von Tschermak was orig