Module3SectionⅣGrammarWriting（外研选修6）.ppt

Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships —Friendship;动词-ing形式完成式作状语；以动词 -ing 形式或不定式作宾语的动词;一、动词-ing形式完成式作状语 1．动词-ing形式的完成式的构成：having＋过去分词。 表示该动作发生于句中谓语动词表示的动作之前，在句中常作状语，表示原因、时间、让步等。;Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables. 在乡下工作了三年之后，他学会了如何种菜。(时间状语) Having been operated on the leg, he cant walk as usual. 由于腿部动了手术，因此他不能像平常那样走动了。(原因状语) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 已经被告知多次，他仍犯同样的错误。(让步状语);2．动词-ing形式的完成式的否定式为：not＋having＋过 去分词。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examination. 因为没有努力学习，所以他考试不及格。;[考题印证1] (2010·湖南高考) Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling　　　　　　 B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 解析：选 。分析句子结构可知，主语Dina与struggle在逻辑 上存在主动关系；由句中finally可知struggle这个动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用其现在分词的完成主动式。;3．动词-ing形式的完成式的被动式为：having＋been＋过 去分词。 Having been written in haste, the essay was not worth reading. 文章是匆忙写成的，不值得去读。;[考题印证2];二、以动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语的动词 1．只接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词有： 承认(admit)冒险(risk)别继续(keep) 理解(understand)原谅(excuse)和感激(appreciate) 推迟(delay)享受(enjoy)真可惜 完成(finish)想象(imagine)又建议(suggest, advise) 避免(avoid, escape)介意(mind)别延期(put off);错过(miss)宽恕(forgive)不考虑(consider) 允许(allow, permit)抵制(resist, stand)或放弃(give up) 坚持(insist on)练习(practice)要牢记 The teacher suggested doing the experiment in another way. 老师建议我们换种方法来做实验。;[考题印证3];2．只接不定式作宾语的常见动词有： 四个希望(hope, wish, expect, long)三答应(agree, promise, undertake) 五个想要(intend, plan, want, mean, desire)巧安排(arrange) 设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide, determine) 企图(attempt)假装(pretend)要选择(choose) 提供(offer)要求(demand)别拒绝(refuse) 威胁(threaten)准备(prepare)不失败(fail);We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 我们同意在此见面，但到现在她也没露面。 I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so. 我原想写一封信给她，但忘记了。;[考题印证4];They couldnt help jumping up at the news. 听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。 Sorry, I cant help to clean the room for you.I must go at once. 对不起，我不能帮你打扫房间了，我必须马