词句段落文章结构写法.doc

词的写法 一般词汇和具体词汇 比较而言，有些词比另一些词的意思要具体些。例如professionals和scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists等词相比意思更为广泛，但scientists和physicists, chemists相比，意思又泛了一些。 具体词汇有助于使文章清楚、准确、生动和鲜明，因为与一般词汇相比，具体词汇的信息量大表达力强。试比较： a good man kind, honest, just, generous, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, honorable good food tasty, delicious, nourishing, rich, fresh, appetizing , abundant 运用具体词汇和提供细节应结合起来，这样便可产生有效果的、给人深刻印象的章。例如： General: It is often windy and dusty here in spring. Specific: In spring there is often a very strong northwest wind. It carries so much fine dust with it that sometimes the sun becomes obscure. There is no escape from the fine dust; it gets into your eyes, your ears, your nostrils and your hair. It goes through the cracks of closed windows and covers your desks and chairs. General: Students do many interesting things after classes. Specific: Every morning and afternoon the sports fields are alive with energetic students. Football and basketball matches, volleyball, and badminton, track-training and gymnastics are all in full swing. Even the alleyways under the trees and around the flower beds provide enough space for enthusiasts to practice. Through the windows comes the pitter-patter of ping-pong balls, the sound of songs and music, or laughter and discussion. 用词宽度要适当 好的短文不仅用词贴切，还会有一定的用词宽度（breadth of vocabulary）。描写同一事物或表达同一概念，可供选择使用的词语常常有很多。例如： 修饰名词weather的形容词 褒义：agreeable, charming, clear, fine, pleasant, splendid, warm 贬义：awful, bad, cold, dull, frightful, terrible, wretched 修饰名词development的形容词 表性质：alarming, amazing, full, general, great, important, new, recent, startling 表种类：commercial, economic, historical, human, industrial, intellectual, national, social 修饰形容词necessary的副词 absolutely, entirely, highly, imperatively, most 修饰动词increase的副词 gradually, greatly, highly, largely, rapidly, remarkably, slightly, steadily 习语 习语是有特殊意思的固定词组，其意思和组成这个习语的各个词的意思大步相同。例如read a book便不是一个习语，因为这个短语的意思就是组成它的三个词的意思的结合