Unit1Europe问题解决导学案（外研版必修3）.doc

金太阳新课标资源网  HYPERLINK  第  PAGE 4 页 共  NUMPAGES 4 页 金太阳新课标资源网 HYPERLINK  2012—2013英语必修3外研版Module 1导学案（问题解决） Module1 Europe问题解决—评价单 班级： _ 组名： _ 姓名： __ 日期：2013. __ Grammar 1 Passive voice: present and past forms (P5) 一.何时用被动语态？ 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时; ① Paper is made from wood. ② He was wounded in the fight. 2.没有必要或不想指出动作的执行者时; Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. 3.强调或突出动作的承受者时; She was heard to move about in her room uptairs. 如果需要指出被动的执行者，可用“by + 动作执行者（宾格）”这一结构。 二.主动表被动的几种情形: 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的四种情形： (1)某些连系动词主动表被动： look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel This kind of cloth feels soft. That dog looks dangerous. My advice proved (to be) wrong. (2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用做不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。他们通常与can’t, won’t等连用。 The door won’t shut. Suddenly the door opened. (不强调谁开了门) (3)当read, write, wash, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等词与well, easily, quickly 等副词连用时，常用主动表被动。 The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The book sells well. This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. This shirt will wear very long. The floor doesn’t clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 但: This book sells well. So far, 200 books have been sold out. The sentence was read clearly by her. (4)某些表示开始和结束的动作（begin, start, finish, end, etc.），当主语是事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动表被动。 When does the concert begin ? The play ended at ten o’clock. 二、非谓语动词主动表被动的情况： (1)不定式to blame, to let用做表语时，通常用主动表被动。 Who is to blame?(该怪谁呢？) The house is to let. (此屋出租。) (2)在“be +形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. Do you think the water is safe to drink? (3) 不定式用于某些动词的（have, have got, get, want, need）宾语后做定语时： I have some letters to write. I want something to drink. 但是注意： I have something to type.(我自己打) I have something to be typed. (请别人打) 所以：当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动表被动。