词汇与语法(6名词性从句)2009年11月.ppt

英语基础知识——词汇与语法;从句;让步;;;关联词：引导名词性从句的词;名词性that-从句;;;;;;用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句　 It is necessary that…　 有必要……　 It is important that…　重要的是……　 It is obvious that…　　很明显…… It is natural that… 很自然… 　 It is strange that… 奇怪的是… Eg:  It is quite obvious that he is lying.?  他显然在说谎。 It is strange that such a rich man should be so stingy 说来真怪，这么有钱的人居然那么小气。;b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句　It is believed that…　人们相信……　It is known to all that…从所周知……　It has been decided that… 已决定…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is said that … 据说… ……  Eg: It is known to all that flies spread diseases.众所周知，苍蝇传播疾病。;;d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句　It appears that…　　　　似乎……　It happens that…　　　　碰巧……　It occurred to me that…　我突然想起…… Eg: It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film) It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) ;That的省略 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：　　That?they?are?good?at?English?is?known?to?us?all.　　The?problem?is?that?we?don’t?have?enough?money.　　She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.;②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：　　（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；　　（B）当that?从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省； （C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：　　Everyone?knew?what?happened?and?that?she?was?worried.　　The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.;It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 ;He read three books in the library yesterday.　　分别可以强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如：　　It was he who (that) read three books in the library yesterday.(强调主语)　　It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.(强调宾语)　　It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.(强调时间状语);;;直接宾语：In one’s own home one can do what one likes.　在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.　俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 形容词宾语：I‘m not sure why she refused their invitation.　 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 介词宾语：　That depend