【全程方略外研版】2014年春高中英语必修三：Module3TheViolenceofNature同步导学课件Grammar.ppt

Module 3 The Violence of Nature Grammar 过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语 ;【探究寻规】 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he ________ ______ (bury) in Texas! 2. She returned home and found all her furniture ________ ______ (ruin) by the flood. 3. After the earthquake, they discovered that several people ______________(kill). ;4. His village _______________(flood) in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents’ house. 5. When she woke up, she found that her house ________ _________(destroy) by the thunderstorm. ;【语法精点】 Ⅰ. 过去完成时的被动语态 一、基础点拨 1. 构成：had＋been＋过去分词(done)。 2. 概念：表示在过去的某个动作或时间以前已经发生的事情。 3. 用法：用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像said，told, thought，wondered等动词的过去式后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。; ＊My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher. 我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。; 二、难点突破 1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去” ，这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语或when，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。 ＊The project had been completed by the end of 1990. 这项工程已于1990年年底竣工。; 2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去，常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 ＊The sale had been advertised for several weeks. 这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。 ＊Much work had been done since she arrived here. 自从抵达这里后，她做了许多工作。 ; Ⅱ. 间接引语 一、基础点拨 1. 基本概念。 直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。直接引语若改为间接引语，在语序、人称、时态和状语方面作相应变化。; 2. 句式的转换。 (1)转述他人的陈述→陈述句的转换：; (2)转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句的转换：; (3)转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句：; (4)??择疑问句的转换：用whether. . . or. . . 表达，而不用if. . . or. . . ，也不用either. . . or. . . 。 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” →He asked me whether I spoke English or French. ; (5)祈使句的转换：; 二、难点突破 1. 直接引语变间接引语时态不变的特殊情况如下： (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。 ＊He said， “The earth goes around the sun. ” → He said that the earth goes around the sun. ＊He said， “Where there is a will，there is a way. ” →He said where there is a will，there