句子成分浅析.doc

基本句型 一：S V (主+谓) 主语：是一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体，动作的发出者。主语一般在句首。可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词，从句等。 谓语：谓语由动词构成，一般在主语之后。 此句型的共同特点是谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，没有宾语。但是加介词有须有宾语。 S(主语)+Vi(谓语) 1. The sun is shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. Who cares? 基本句型 二： S V O (主+谓+宾) 此句型共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后。 宾语在句中充当及物动词的承受者，常由名词或相当于名词的词担任，置于及物动词或介词之后. S(主)+Vt(谓)+O(宾) 1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. They ate what was left over. 基本句型 三： S V P (主+系+表) 连系动词: 不能独立做谓语，必须跟表语一起构成谓语。系动词无被动形式。 表语: 表述主语的身份，状态或特征，常由名词或形容词等担任，置于联系动词之后。 (1) 表示特征或状态： be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel, turn out, prove等。 1) It sounds a good idea. 2) This food tastes good. 3) The door remained closed. (2) 表示持续： keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。 1) I hope you will keep fit. 2) We can remain friends. 3) Please stay seated. (3) 表示变化： become, go, get, grow, turn, fall, come, run等。 1) He went mad. 2) His hair turned grey. 3) I fell ill. 基本句型 四： S +V +o+ O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 英语中有些动词需要有两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语与间接宾语。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所指向的人或物(多指人)。前面的是间宾，后面的是直宾。 S(主) Vt(谓) O(间宾) O(直宾) 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. I showed him my pictures. 若要先说出直接宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to或for, 如： He brings cookies to me every day. = He brings me cookies every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. =She made me a beautiful dress. 常跟??宾语的动词: 借助to的动词：ask, bring, give, lend, hand, offer, owe, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等。 借助for的动词：buy, call, cook, choose, find, get, make, order, pay, sing, save等。 基本句型 五： S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整，宾语补足语用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。 S(主) V(谓) O(宾) C(宾补) 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. What makes him think so? 5. We saw him going out. 6. He asked me to come back soon. 但常用的英语句子并不都