北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试英语同声传译专业试卷.docVIP

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题 招生专业：英语同声传译 科目名称：　英汉互译　 （考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效） 一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分） In the pre-modern era, political, economic, and social life was governed by a dense web of interlocking relationships inherited from the past and sanctified by religion. Limited personal freedom and material benefits existed alongside a mostly unquestioned social solidarity. Traditional local orders began to erode with the rise of capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the increasing prevalence and dominance of market relationships broke down existing hierarchies. The shift produced economic and social dynamism, an increase in material benefits and personal freedoms, and a decrease in communal feeling. As this process continued, the first modern political ideology, classical liberalism, emerged to celebrate and justify it. Liberalism stressed the importance of the rule of law, limited government, and free commercial transactions. It highlighted the manifold rewards of moving to a world dominated by markets rather than traditional communities, a shift the economic historian Karl Polanyi would call “the great transformation.” But along with the gains came losses as well—of a sense of place, of social and psychological stability, of traditional bulwarks against life’s vicissitudes. Left to itself, capitalism produced long-term aggregate benefits along with great volatility and inequality. This combination resulted in what Polanyi called a “double movement,” a progressive expansion of both market society and reactions against it. (211） ? 二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分） The European Union was established with a legal treaty and is founded on the principle of the rule of law. This concept centers on a set of rules governing all societys processes and interactions and being above all societys institutions and organizations. The rules or laws set the moral and ethical standards by which the behaviour of members of society and organizations are judged. For the rule of l