高一英语外研版必修3：Module3SectionⅣGrammar＆Writing.ppt

Module 3;学科网;过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语;一、过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动式表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成，且谓语动词与主语存在被动关系。句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。 1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋had been done＋其他成分 (2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done＋其他成分 (3)疑问句结构：Had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分； 疑问句＋had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分;2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by， before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. 当他赶到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完了。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended? 飓风结束的时候，有多少座大楼被毁坏了？;[考题印证1] 　(2011·北京高考)Experiments of this kind______in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A．have conducted　　　　B．have been conducted C．had conducted D．had been conducted 解析： 　考查时态和语态。因为这种实验在二战之前就已经进行了，应用过去完成时，又因为experiments 与 conduct 之间是动宾关系，所以选D项。;(2)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾 语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 He heard that the tickets had already been sold out. 他听说票已售完。 The newspaper reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the hurricane. 报纸报道说有1 000多人在飓风中丧生。;(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完 成时。 As the work had been done, he went on to search the Internet. 因为作业已经完成，他上网查阅一些资料。 He did what he had been told to. 他是按要求做的。;[考题印证2] 　(上海春季高考)John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ________ seriously. A．damaged B．was being damaged C．had damaged D．had been damaged 解析： 　句意：约翰不得不把他的车送到修理厂修理，因为它受到了严重的损坏。it与damage之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；又因约翰修车在后，车坏在前，应用过去完成时，故选D项。;(4)用在“It was the first/ second ... time that ...”句型中。此 句型主句用一般过去时，that引导的定语从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that three of them had been beaten in the prison. 这是第一次，他们中有3个人在监狱里都曾遭到过殴打。;(5)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语 与谓语构成动宾关系。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone there. 如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去了。;二、间接引语 直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫做间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应的变化。;1．句型变化 (1)陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)。 “I will never forget this interesting lesson，” said Paul. “我永远不会忘记这有趣的一课，”保罗说。 →Paul said that he would neve