Intracranial Hypertension颅内压升高.ppt

Intracranial Hypertension;;Intracranial Pressure (ICP);Lumber puncture;INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION;Etiology and Pathophysiology of Intracranial hypertension;The contents inside the cranial cavity;1. Intracranial occupying diseases;2. Volume increase of the brain tissue;3. Increase of the cerebrospinal fluid volume;4. Increase of the cerebral blood volume;Regulation of intracranial pressure;2. Cerebral blood volum: Autoregulation and Cushing’ reaction ;Changes of brain blood flow;Cushing’s reaction;volume/pressure curve;Clinical Manifestation ;Vomitus;Papilledema;Diagnosis ;Examinations;Examinations;Management;急性硬膜下血肿;硬膜外血腫;;Management;Mannital （甘露醇）;Furosemide (速尿）;Management;Brain Herniation;;When there is a significant asymmetrical pressure increase within the cranial cavity, the brain structures would be forced to enter another space, and the brain herniation will occur. ;Categorization;Downward transtentorial herniation;Clinical Manifestations;Brain stem: distortion, displacement, ischemia, edema, and hemorrhage, etc. ;Cerebellar tonsillar herniations;Manifestations of cerebellar tonsillar hernia;Original diseases External ventricular drainage Cranial decompression ;复习思考题 (Section 1)： 1）颅内压增高的定义及其正常值？ 2）引起颅内压增高的原因？ 3）何为颅内压增高的“三主征”？ 4）请解释颅内压增高时的体积/压力反应。;复习思考题 （Section II） 1）什么是脑疝？引起脑疝的主要原因是什么？ 2）常见的脑疝有哪些？主要临床表现是什么？;中国国际神经科学研究所（China－INI） 首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科 菅凤增 M.D. Feng-Zeng JIAN M.D. E-mail: fengzengjian@ ;Thank you for your attention