自动化相关专业英语翻译.docVIP

AC Machines Introduction The electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and vice versa, is the workhorse in a drive system. A machine is a complex structure electrically, mechanically, and thermally.Although machines were introduced more than one hundred years ago, the research and development in this area appears to be never-ending. However, the evolution of machines has been slow compared to that of power semiconductor devices and power electronic converters.Traditionally, AC machines with a constant frequency sinusoidal power supply have been used in constant-speed applications, whereas DC machines were preferred for variable-speed drives. But in the last two or three decades, we have seen extensive research and development efforts for variable-frequency, variable-speed AC machine drive technology, and they will progressively replace DC drives. In most cases, new applications use AC drives. AC machines can generally be classified as follows: Induction machines: Cage or wound rotor (doubly-fed), Rotating or linear; Synchronous machines: Rotating or linear, Reluctance, Wound field or permanent magnet, Radial or axial gap (disk), Surface magnet or interior (buried) magnet, Sinusoidal or trapezoidal; Variable reluctance machines: Switched reluctance, Stepper. Induction Machines Among all types of AC machines, the induction machine, particularly the cage type, is most commonly used in industry. These machines are very economical, rugged, and reliable, and are available in the ranges of fractional horse power (FHP) to multi-megawatt capacity. Low-power FHP machines are available in single-phase, but poly-phase (three-phase) machines are used, most often in variable-speed drives. Fig. 1-6A-1 shows an idealized three-phase, two-pole induction motor where each phase winding in the stator and rotor is represented by a concentrated coil. The three-phase windings are distributed sinusoidally and embedded in slots. In a wound-rotor machine, th