非传统稳定同位素-1-历史与方法讲述教程.ppt

;;; Stable isotopes (e.g C, O, S) have been used to address some major questions in Earth and solar system sciences over the last few decades: Climate change, Carbon cycling, Solar nebular processes and planet formation. ;Some Concepts; Recent advances in mass spectrometry make it possible to utilise isotope variations of other elements to address some important issues in Earth sciences. Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, etc. Non-traditional stable isotopes ; Stable isotopes (e.g C, O, S) have been used to address some major questions in Earth and solar system sciences over the last few decades Traditional Isotopes ; Non-traditional stable isotopes: Li、Mg、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mo、etc. There is no clear definition Metal stable isotopes ; Geochemistry Cosmochemistry Biochemistry ;Geochemistry Metallogenesis：Fe， Cu， Zn， etc. Redox (Reduction-Oxidation): Fe , Cr, Mo , etc. Heavy metal pollution；Cr, Hg, Tl, etc. ;Cosmochemistry Condensation and evaporation Metal segregation Redox state Nucleusynthesis ;Biochemistry Biologically utilised: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ca, Mg, etc. ;Biochemistry Biologically utilised: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ca, Mg, etc. Biosphere-Geosphere intereaction ;Biochemistry Biologically utilised: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ca, Mg, etc. Biosphere-Geosphere intereaction ;Biochemistry Biologically utilised: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ca, Mg, etc. ;Elements Isotopes;Biochemistry Biologically utilised: Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ca, Mg, etc. Biosphere-Geosphere intereaction ; ; Cu isotopes (Shields et al., 1965) Zn isotopes (Blix et al., 1957; Rosman, 1972) Fe isotopes (Taylor et al., 1992) No isotopic variations of natural materials have been detected (ca. 1%) ; Li isotopes (Chan, 1987); B isotopes (Spivack and Edmond, 1986; Xiao et al., 1988) Ca isotopes (Russell et al., 1977; Skulan et al., 1997) Slow developments ; Europe: Lyon Group: Cu, Zn Oxford Group: Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ti Berne Group: Mo ETH: Tl, Fe ; USA: Clark Johnson Group: Fe Tom Bullen (USGS): Cr, Se Ariel Anbar Group: Mo ; 中国（上世纪八十年代