Leech chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Review.docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 7 Leech chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Review Keywords:: Leech Discussion on the chemical components and pharmaceutical action of Hirudo aipponica Whitman. Leech, Water Division for the annelid leech (Hirudo aipponica Whitman) and leech (Whitmaniapigra uhitman) or willow leech (Whitmania acranulaata Whitman), etc. all. Prolate round bolt-shaped body bending over to reverse the long 2 ~ 5cm, width 0.2 ~ 0.3cm. Leeches for Poxue Tongyu, pass through the drug, its main active medicinal ingredients hirudin. A chemical composition Leech main containing protein, amino acid hydrolysis up to 49.4%, leech saliva contains an anti-clotting substances, namely hirudin [1]. hayraft JB in 1884, the first to discover new medical leech extract contains anti-clotting substances. Until 1955, a German scholar and his colleagues from the medical umbrella Fmarkwardt leech saliva successfully isolated pure product of this anticoagulant, while the named hirudin (Hirudin), and identified as an amino acid peptides. Hirudin is a 65 amino acid-containing peptides, the molecular weight of about 7000, containing three disulfide bonds, have been separated from identified seven kinds of isomers. Hirudin secondary and tertiary structure play a decisive role for its anticoagulant activity, disulfide bonds in determining the stability of its molecular structure, to maintain a high anticoagulant activity of the key. If the disulfide bridge bond is oxidized or restore, or sub-molecules of protein degradation, or loss of acidic amino acids at one end would lose the ability to combine with thrombin [1]. The 20th century, the early ‘80s - there Budzynskiaz so pumped from the leech’s salivary glands and presents a new anticoagulant, Amy Tan, who first called the kiss leech Su [2]. In addition, from leech saliva and its secretion, but also extracted heparin, anti-thromboxane and a histamine-like substances. Leech also contains a variety of chemical